< umbra.

gardens.

ground as structure.

negative space held in stone.

atmosphere built through constraint.

Gravel Garden
Gravel Garden Sketch

fig 1. texture study / ground plane

residence 01. ashbury.

year: 2023 / focus: pause. reflect.

the dry garden. static motion.

a linear pathway traversing a fluid stone field.

Kyoto Courtyard
Kyoto Sketch

fig 2. light boundary analysis

courtyard. kyoto.

year: 2023 / focus: atmosphere.

black granite. moss. artificial illumination.

sculpting organic forms with light. darkness as a boundary.

London Terrace
London Sketch

fig 3. surface tension retention

roof terrace. london.

year: 2025 / focus: surface tension.

wet slate. fern monochrome. rainfall retention.

texture magnified by water. reflection over colour.

Cactus Water
Cactus Steel Water Study

fig 4. gravity feed / tiered channeling.

private garden. dublin.

year: 2021 / focus: atmosphere.

the industrial cascade. arid planting scheme.

water transferred via exposed girders into tiered black vessels.

Rain Curtain Courtyard
Rain Curtain Sketch

fig 5. rain curtain / bamboo manifold.

courtyard. rain curtain.

year: 2022 / focus: rhythm.

oak posts. bamboo spill. recirculated pond.

a veil of water. maple in dappled light.

Cotswolds Residence
Cotswolds Sketch

fig 6. negative space study

residence 07. cotswolds.

year: 2024 / focus: negative space.

bleached oak. limestone hardscape.

a study in winter geometry. the garden as a skeleton.